Integración de un microprocesador de aplicación específica en un flujo de diseño de circuitos integrados digitales

Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Electrónica) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica, 2016.This document presents a semipersonalized design methodology of digital integrated circuits, by using of Synopsys tools and a 0,13 m CMOS technology. The design ow is made through a scripting structure, mainly in languages like TCL, Bash, and PERL, wich are consistent with the semantics of Synopsys tools. This work discusses how the le and directory hierarchy is developed to locate source les and output products. The e ectiveness of the ow is analyzed by subjecting the RTL of a RISC-V arquitectured Speci c Application Microprocessor (ASP). It discusses the integration of a physical cell for the ASP oating-point unit and the physical cells of the ASP data and program memories. The analysis is performed on the reports generated by the tool, and deterministic veri cation on the RTL and GLN, through simulations generated from test benches, that derives from a golden reference model implementet in a high level programming language

Resultados iniciales de la biotecnología de cultivo del pez gato africano (Clarias gariepinus) en condiciones de producción en una estación de alevinaje

Biotechnology introduction into Clarias gariepinus culture under production conditions was assessed at the Alevin Breeding Station Alevicuba in Camagüey province, Cuba. Production data from April 2003 to May 2004 were discussed. Working Operational Procedures from the Aquiculture Departament of the Ministry of the Fishing Industry were applied. Live-food production for larvae culture ranged between 14 and 416 kg monthly, but it was not enough to cover feeding demand. Temperature and solids diluted negatively influenced this deficient demand. Egg production efficiency reached a 50 %, good to the standards. Larvae survival in cultures was poor, ranging from 1,2 % to 32 %, due to oversowing and Moina deficit according to feeding standards. Alevin survival reached values from 3 % to 40 %. Fattening yield ranged between 2 and 39 tons per hectare influenced by feeding and also sowing different densities. These initial results, though unstable so far, point out the future prevalent role biotechnology will play in this species culture.Se evaluó la introducción de la tecnología y producción de Clarias gariepinus en la estación ALEVICUBA, provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Se analizaron los datos de producción desde abril de 2003 a mayo de 2004. En la unidad se utilizaron los Procedimientos Operacionales de Trabajo de la Dirección de Acuicultura del Ministerio de la Industria Pesquera de 2001. Se produjeron mensualmente entre 14 y 416 kg de alimento vivo por el método criollo, que no satisfizo la demanda del larvicultivo. En esta insuficiencia influyó la temperatura y los sólidos disueltos. La eficiencia de producción de huevo fue de un 50 %, considerada buena. La supervivencia en la precría de larvas osciló entre 1,2 y 32 %. No favorecieron estos resultados las siembras en altas densidades y la deficiente alimentación con moina, por debajo de la norma. En el alevinaje la supervivencia estuvo entre un 3 y 40 %. La ceba tuvo un rendimiento que osciló entre 2 y 39 toneladas por hectárea, donde influyó la alimentación y diferentes densidades de siembra. Se concluye que estos primeros logros auguran el futuro dominio de la tecnología de cultivo para la especie, aun con los resultados inestables en el período estudiado

A RISC-V based medical implantable SOC for high voltage a current tissue stimulus

A RISC-V based System on Chip (SoC) for high voltage and current tissue stimulus, targeting implantable medical devices, is presented. The circuit is designed in a 0.18μm HV-CMOS process, including the RISC-V 32RVI based microcontroller core, called Siwa —which includes SPI, UART and GPIO interfaces, a packet-based bus and memory controller, and 8kB SRAM—, combined with several biological tissue stimulus and sensing circuits. The complete test chip (analog+RISC-V) occupies a 5mm2 area but only 0.82mm2 correspond to the RISCV micro-controller, which operates up to 20MHz, with average energy needs of less than 48 pJ/cycle (3pJ STD), and for which several reliability and safety issues were considered.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Implementación Multi-FPGA de modelos articiales del cerebro

Proyecto de investigación (Código: 1360013) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión (VIE). Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica, 2019A research and development project has been completed. The project has been nanced and supported by Vicerrector a de Investigaci on y Extensi on, Vicerrector a de Docencia and Escuela de Ingenier a Electr onica from Tecnológico de Costa Rica, and the Neuroscience Department at Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands This project intended to develop the base of a massive FPGA-based simulation network for biologically-meaningful brain modeling. The network is able to model di erent models of biologically-accurate arti cial neural networks. An accessible Web-based platform provides access for researchers interested in using the platform for their studies Neuroscience, and related elds. The nal result of the project is a exible, scalable, Multi-FPGA board platform, accessible via a web graphic interface, including three neural models tipically used in neuroscience. The project has produced three Scopus-indexed publications. Published results show that the platform is competitive against similar platforms recently reported in the literature.Se ha concluido un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo financiado y apoyado por la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión, la Vicerrectoría de Docencia y la Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica del Tecnológico de Costa Rica, el Departamento de Neurociencia del Centro Médico Erasmus en Rotterdam, Países Bajos. Este proyecto pretendía desarrollar una red masiva basada en FPGAs para simulaciones biológicamente significativas de modelos cerebrales. La red debía ser capaz de modelar distintos modelos de redes neuronales biológicamente precisas. Una interfaz Web proveería de acceso a investigadores en el mundo entero que quieran usar la plataforma para sus estudios en neurociencia. El resultado final incluye una plataforma flexible y escalable de varias tarjetas con sistemas FPGA, accesible vía una interfaz gráfica, y que trae ya integrados los tres modelos neuronales usados típicamente por los investigadores en neurociencia. El proyecto ha producido tres publicaciones indexadas Scopus. Los resultados publicados muestras que la plataforma es competitiva cuando se compara con plataformas similares recientemente reportadas en la literatura

Siwa: A custom RISC-V based system on chip (SOC) for low power medical applications

This work introduces the development of Siwa, a RISC-V RV32I 32-bit based core, intended as a flexible control platform for highly integrated implantable biomedical applications, and implemented on a commercial 0.18 m high voltage (HV) CMOS technology. Simulations show that Siwa can outperform commercial micro-controllers commonly used in the medical industry as control units for implantable devices, with energy requirements below the 50 pJ per clock cycle.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Siwa: a RISC-V RV32I based micro-controller for implantable medical applications

The design of Siwa1, a compact low power custom system on chip (SoC), targeted for implantable/wearable applications, is reported in this paper. Siwa is based on a RISC-V RV32I architecture. It has a centrally controlled non-pipelined structure, and it includes a control interface for an integrated sensing and stimulation device for biological tissues as well as standard communication interfaces. Siwa was developed from scratch using System Verilog, and implemented in a 180nm CMOS technology; Siwa includes a latch based register file c apable to read and write in one clock cycle with an area 30% smaller and a power consumption 25% lower with respect to an equivalent flip flop implementation; also, it has an estimated average power consumption of 70μW (48pJ/cycle) which is comparable to other micro-controllers commonly used in IMD applications.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Aquacultural Homoeopathy: A Focus on Marine Species

Homoeopathy is an alternative medical system proposed by Samuel Hahnemann in the eighteenth century. It uses highly diluted and agitated substances that derived from plants, minerals or animals, which have shown to be effective in human medicine, agronomy, veterinary, and as a novelty, in marine aquaculture. Aquacultural homoeopathy has developed rapidly in recent years, partially motivated by the misuse of powerful drugs (hormones, antibiotics, disinfectants) that when solving a problem generate undesirable side effects. In the last 10 years, scientific articles have been published on its application in freshwater fish native to Brazil, obtaining beneficial effects on growth, survival, hepatosomatic index, development of muscle fibres and lipid content in muscle. At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR, Mexico: www.cibnor.mx), we have studied the effects of homoeopathy to improve the culture of economically important marine species of molluscs, fish and shrimp. In this chapter, we show a selection of different research with preliminary or advanced results, related to the use of homoeopathy and its impact on zootechnic, biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic parameters in marine molluscs, fish and crustaceans. The results obtained suggest that homoeopathy is an eco-friendly alternative applicable in aquaculture industry to improve various productive and health aspects

Expedición Colombia BIO. Biodiversidad y conservación de los sistemas subterráneos y ambientes exocársticos asociados en El Peñón, Santander, Colombia

La primera Expedición de Biodiversidad Colombia BIO - Instituto Humboldt se llevó a cabo en el municipio del Peñón en Santander, con el objetivo de abordar la diversidad de fauna y flora en los ecosistemas subterráneos (endocársticos) y los ambientes superficiales (exocársticos) asociados a las cuevas.BogotáSubdirección de Investigacione

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio